MSG ≫ 역할, 논란

글루탐산 Glutamic acid의 부정적인 역할   

글루탐산 역할
* 글루탐산 이야기 : 가장 평범하면서 비범한 아미노산

단백질 부작용 : 불내증, 알레르기, 중독, 발암
- 단백질 중독
- 단백질 불내증 : 셀리악병
- 밀가루 단백질 : Gluten이 만병의 근원이라는 주장
- 단백질은 알레르기 주요원인 :알러지 원인물질 : 11종


Negative Effects of Glutamate

1) Excess Glutamate Causes Neurological Disorders
Excess glutamate in the brain may be a risk factor for brain disease and cognitive impairments (R, R2).
In mice, higher levels cause abnormal movements due to brain motor function control (R).

Traumatic Brain Injuries
After a patient suffers from a stroke or traumatic brain injury, excess glutamate levels contribute to brain damage (R).
In traumatic brain injuries, leaky blood-brain barrier allows glutamate in the blood to enter the brain (R).

Epilepsy
Excess levels of the glutamate receptor mGluR5 can cause epilepsy. In rats, Pu-erh tea decreases mGluR5, and may be a natural neuroprotective agent by relieving epilepsy in rats (R).
In mice, blocking mGlu5 (a Glu receptor) also helps relieve the effects of chronic stress (R).
Increased glutamate concentration may contribute to lipopolysaccharide-induced seizure development (R).

Depression
Changes in glutamate energy production are associated with depression and suicide. Major depressive disorder patients have higher Glu levels (R).

Multiple Sclerosis
It may also cause multiple sclerosis, a condition where nerve cells do not function properly (R, R2).
Glutamate accumulation damages nerve cells and may lead to the progressive, debilitating disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (R, R2).

Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Also, disturbances in glutamate transmission in the brain have been linked with loss of memory and learning ability in Alzheimer’s disease patients (R, R2, R3).
Excess inflammatory cytokine TNF can cause glutamate toxicity. Blocking TNF treats neurodegenerative diseases by preventing high glutamate levels (R).

2) Glutamate Might Increase Cancer-Related Problems
In animal models, blocking the ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluRs) can be a potential cancer treatment (R).
Additionally, high levels heighten levels of cancer-induced bone pain (R).

3) Glutamate Receptors Contribute to Pain
Glutamate receptors and glutamatergic synapses transmit pain and itch sensation. They also contributes to chronic pain. Decreasing the glutamatergic pathway helps reduce pain (R).

4) Glutamate May Cause Diabetes
Long-term high glutamate levels may contribute to diabetes development in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (R, R2).
Excess glutamate may accelerate damage of pancreatic cells that secrete insulin (R, R2, R3).

5) Excess Glutamate May Cause Migraine
Migraine is a neurovascular disorder accompanied with severe headache and neurological symptoms.
Many migraine patients react to monosodium glutamate added to foods (R).
Blood glutamate levels correlate with symptoms severity in migraine patients (R).
Glutamate may be involved in transmitting pain signals to the brain and trigeminal nerves of migraine patients (R).
Several drugs that block glutamate receptors are showing some positive results in clinical trials for the treatment of migraines (R).