°¡¿­, È­ÇÐÀûº¯È­ ¡í »öº¯È­, Ç⺯ȭ, ¸Àº¯È­

°¡¿­, ÈÆ¿¬ : ½º¸ðÅ·Çâ Smoking flavor


°¡¿­ ¹ÝÀÀ : °¡¿­ Áß Çâ±â¼ººÐ
- Ä«¶ó¸á¹ÝÀÀ Caramelization
- ¸¶À̾߸£ ¹ÝÀÀ Maillard
- Sulfur È­ÇÕ¹°ÀÇ °¡¿­¹ÝÀÀ
- ÁöÁúÀÇ ¿­ºÐÇØ

- ¹ÝÀÀÇâ ,  ÈÆ¿¬ Smoking Çâ
- Ä¿ÇÇ ·Î½ºÆÃÇâ

Á¤ÀÇ :  Smoke flavourings are complex mixtures of components of smoke obtained by subjecting untreated wood to pyrolysis in a limited and controlled amount of air, dry distillation, or superheated steam, then subjecting the wood smoke to an aqueous extraction system or to distillation, condensation, and separation for collection of the aqueous phase. The major flavouring principles of smoke flavourings are carboxylic acids, compounds with carbonyl groups and phenolic compounds.

½ÄÇ°À» ÈÆ¿¬ÇÏ´Â °øÁ¤Àº, ¼ö õ³â¿¡ °ÉÃļ­ ¼­¼­È÷ Áøº¸ÇØ ¿Â °ÍÀ̳ª, À°·ù³ª »ý¼±À» °ÇÁ¶½ÃÅ°·Á°í ¿¬±â°¡ ÀÖ´Â Àå¼Ò¿¡ °É¾î µÎ¾ú´ø °ÍÀÌ °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ´õ ¿À·¡ µ¿¾È º¸Á¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ¶ÇÇÑ ´õ ÁÁÀº ¸ÀÀÌ ¾ò¾îÁø´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¿ì¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ß°ßµÇ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ºñ·Ï ÀÌ Ã³¸®ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀÌ ½ÄÇ°À» ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¡Â÷ÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÄÇ°¿¡ °¡º±°í, ¾ÆÁÖ ±âºÐ ÁÁÀº ÇâÀ» ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÁßÁ¡À» µÎ¾îÁ®°¡°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¼ö ¹é³â µ¿¾È ÀÌ °øÁ¤Àº À°·ù¿Í »ý¼±·ù ¸ðµÎ¸¦ ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù.
Ãʱ⿡´Â, ÈÆ¿¬°øÁ¤Àº ÀÌ °øÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ÅÀÇ ¶Ç´Â ÀüÇô Á¶ÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °¡¸¶¿¡¼­ ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡´Â, ÈÆ¿¬ ¹ß»ý±â´Â °­Á¦ÀûÀÎ °ø±â¼øȯ°ú ¿Âµµ°¡ Á¶ÀýµÇ´Â Á¶°ÇÇÏ¿¡¼­ ´Ü´ÜÇÑ ÀçÁúÀÇ ³ª¹«Åé¹äÀ» ÅÂ¿ï ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï °í¾ÈµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ³ª¹«¸¦ ¼­¼­È÷ Å¿ì´Â °ÍÀº »ó´çÇÑ ¼÷·ÃÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϸç, µû¶ó¼­ Á¦Ç°ÀÇ Çâ Ç°Áú¿¡ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀϾ´Â ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ³ª¹«ÀÇ ¿¬±â¸¦ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ºñ±³Àû È¿À²ÀÌ ³·Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ̸ç, ¿¬±â¹ß»ý±âÀÇ ¼³ºñ Àü¹Ý¿¡ Ÿ¸£¼ºÀÇ ¹°ÁúÀÌ ÃàÀûµÇ¾î ¶§·Î´Â ÈÆ¿¬Á¦Ç°ÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡ ´«¿¡ °Å½½¸®´Â ÀÔÀÚ(±×À»À½ÀÔÀÚ)°¡ ÃàÀûµÇ´Â ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. . °úµµÇÏ°Ô ÈÆ¿¬½ÃŲ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ½ÄÇ°¿¡¼­´Â º¥Á¶ÇÇ·» ¹°ÁúÀ» »ý¼ºµÇ±â ½±´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦Á¡¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í À°·ù¿Í ¾î·ù¸¦ ÈÆ¿¬ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯ ¶§¹®¿¡ Ãß°¡ÀûÀΠõ¿¬ ¾×»óÀÇ ÈÆ¿¬ÇâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ³Î¸® ÀÎÁ¤¹Þ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­´Â 180¸¸ KgÀÇ ¾×»óÀÇ ½º¸ðÅ©ÇâÀÌ ½ÄÇ°¿¡ Á÷Á¢ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ¿¡ ´õÇÏ¿© ¾à 800¸¸ KgÀÌ ºÐ¹«¿ë ¶Ç´Â ºÐ»ç¿ë(Showering)À¸·Î ÀÀ¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̹ø¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ µÈ °¡¾²¿ÀºÎ½Ãµµ ÈÆ¿¬ÇÑ Á¦Ç°ÀÌ´Ù.

±Á±â¸¸ ÇÏ¸é º¥Á¶ÇÇ·», ¾ÆÅ©¸±¾Æ¹Ìµå µî ½Ã²ô·¯¿öÁö´Âµ¥ ¿ì¸®´Â ¿Ö ±×·¸°Ô RoastingÁï °í¼ÒÇÑ ¸À¿¡ ÁýÂøÀ» ÇÒ±î? ±×°ÍÀº ¾Æ¸¶ ¿ø½ÃÀÎ ½ÃÀýÀÇ Ãß¾ïÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ºÒÀÇ ¹ß°ßÀº ¿ø½ÃÀο¡°Ô ³Ê¹«³ª °­·ÂÇÑ »ýÁ¸ ¼ö´ÜÀ̾ú´Ù. Ç×»ó °í±â¸¦ ¸Ô°í ½Í¾î Çß°í ±× ½ÃÀý ÃÖ°íÀÌÀÚ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¿ä¸®¹ýÀº Áö±ÝÀÇ ¹ÙºñÅ¥ ¹æ½Ä, °í±â¸¦ ±¸¿ï ¶§ ³ª´Â Çâ±â¿Í ¸ÀÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±â¾ï(DNA)¿¡ °¢ÀεǾú´Ù. ³ó°æ»çȸ·Î ¸¹ÀÌ º¯Çß´Ù. ¼Ò±ÝÀÇ ¼·Ãë·®µµ °¨¼ÒÇÏ°í ÀÌ Çâ±â´Â Áñ±æ ±âȸ°¡ ÁÙ¾ú°í ´©¸ªÁö, Âü±â¸§ÀÌ ±×³ª¸¶ À§¾ÈÀ̾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Çѱ¹ÀÎÀº Âü±â¸§À» Á¤¸» ÁÁ¾ÆÇß¾ú´Ù. Âü±â¸§Àº ¼öÈ®¿¡ ¸¹Àº ³ë·ÂÀÌ µé¾î°£´Ù.  »ý»êÀÌ ½±Áö ¾Ê¾Æ ´Ù¸¥ ±â¸§¿¡ ºñÇÏ¿© ºñ½Î´Ù.  ±×·¡¼­ ¿¹Àü¿¡´Â °¡Â¥ Âü±â¸§ÀÌ ºÒ·®½ÄÇ°ÀÇ ´ë¸í»çó·³ ÀÚÁÖ µîÀåÇß´Ù. ÇѶ§ ¸ðµç ³ª¹°ÀÇ ¸¶¹«¸® ºñºö¹äÀÇ ¸¶¹«¸®´Â ¹«Á¶°Ç Âü±â¸§À̾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¸ðµç ³ª¶ó »ç¶÷ÀÌ Âü±â¸§ ÇâÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿Ïº®ÇÑ ¸ÀÀÇ È¹ÀÏÈ­. Çѵ¿¾È ¸Å¿î °íÃß°¡ ´ë¼¼¿´´ø °Í º¸´Ù ½ÉÇÏ¸é ½ÉÇßÁö ´úÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù
¿äÁîÀ½Àº °í±â¸¦ ±¸¾î ¸Ô´Â ÀÏÀÌ ¸¹¾ÆÁ³´Ù°í roasting¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿å±¸´Â ¾î´À Á¤µµ ä¿öÁø °Í °°´Ù. °í±â ¸»°íµµ ¸¹´Ù. ±¸¿î ¿À¡ÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù. ÇѶ§ ¿Ü±¹¿¡ °¡¼­µµ ¿À¡¾î, ÁãÆ÷¸¦ ±Á´Ù°¡ ³­¸®¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å°°í´Â Çß´Ù. ½Ãü Å¿ì´Â ³¿»õ°¡ ³­´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Çѱ¹Àº ¸ÅÀåÇÏ´Â ¹®È­¶ó »ó»óÇϱâ Èûµç ¿¬»óÀÌ´Ù
Ä¿ÇǸ¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇϴµ¥´Â Ä«ÆäÀÎÀÇ ±â´Éµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ÀÌ ·Î½ºÆà Çâµµ ÇÑ ¸òÇÑ´Ù. Ä¿ÇÇ ·Î½ºÆà °øÁ¤Àº 4´Ü°è·Î ³ª´²Áö´Âµ¥, Á¦3´Ü°è¿¡¼­ ¿Âµµ°¡ 150¡É·Î »ó½ÂÇϸé Ä¿ÇÇ »ýµÎÀÇ Á᫐ ºÎºÐÀÌ ¿­¸®¸é¼­ ÆØâÀ½ÀÌ ³ª±â ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í Èí¿­¹ÝÀÀÀº ÃÖ°í¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÑ´Ù. Á¦4´Ü°è¿¡¼­´Â ¹ß¿­¹ÝÀÀÀ¸·Î ÀüȯµÇ¸é¼­ Çâ±â ¼ººÐÀÌ º»°ÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ý¼ºµÇ±â ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ¿Âµµ°¡ 190¡É°¡ µÇ¸é Á¶Á÷¿¡ ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ ±Õ¿­ÀÌ »ý±â±â ½ÃÀÛÇϸç, 200¡ÉºÎÅÍ´Â Çâ±â ¼ººÐ »ý¼ºÀÌ ´õ¿í È°¹ßÇÏ°Ô ÁøÇàµÇ´Ù°¡ 220~230¡É¿¡¼­´Â ·Î½ºÆÃÀ» Áß´ÜÇÏ°í ½Å¼ÓÈ÷ ³Ã°¢½ÃÄÑ °¡¿­¹ÝÀÀÀ» ³¡³½´Ù. ÀÌ ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ Çâ±â ¼ººÐÀÇ »ý¼ºÀÌ ÃÖ°í¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ¸ç ´õ ÁøÇàµÇ¸é źȭÀÛ¿ëÀ¸·Î Çâ±â ¼ººÐÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇÑ´Ù.    


Smoke ÇâÀÇ È­ÇÐ
Kim(1974)Àº Âü³ª¹«(Oak)ÀÇ SmokeÀÀÃ๰¿¡¼­ 150¿© ¼ººÐÀ» ã¾Æ³ÂÀ¸¸ç, Daun(1979)Àº À̵é Áß¿¡ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ¼ººÐÀÌ Guaiacol, 4-Methyl Guaiacol°ú 2, 6-DimethyloxyphenolÀÓÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌµé ¼ººÐÀº ´Üµ¶À¸·Î´Â ¸¸Á·ÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ ¡°Smoke¡±ÇâÀ» ºÎ¿©ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, Ư¡ÀûÀÎ ProfileÀº ¼ö¸¹Àº ´Ù¸¥ ¼ººÐµéÀÌ ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ´ã´çÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
»ö¼Ò¼ººÐ : SmokeÀÀÃà¿ë¾×À» »ç¿ë ½Ã¿¡ Á¦Ç°¿¡¼­ ÀϾ´Â °¥º¯È­ Çö»ó°ú °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¼ººÐÀÇ Æ¯¼º¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ¿¬±¸°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. À̵éÀº ÈÆ¿¬Áõ±â»óÅ¿¡¼­ »ý»êµÇ´Â Carbonyl·ù¿Í ½ÄÇ°ÀÚü°¡ °¡Áö°íÀÖ´Â ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»ê°£ÀÇ ¸ÞÀ϶óµå ¹ÝÀÀ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Smoke Condensate¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ Carbonyl·ù´Â, Glycolic ¾Ëµ¥È÷µå, Glyoxal°ú MethylglyoxalÀÇ Àü±¸Ã¼¿¡¼­ À¯·¡µÇ´Â Dicarbonyl·ù¿Í Hydroxycarbonyl·ùÀÌ´Ù.
Polycyclic Aromatics :  ÀÌ ¹°ÁúµéÀº ¹ß¾Ï¼ºÀÇ ¼ºÁúÀ» °¡Áö°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ Ưº°È÷ ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. °úµµÇÏ°Ô ÈÆ¿¬½ÃŲ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ½ÄÇ°¿¡¼­´Â Benzo(A)Pyrene(3, 4-Benzopyrene)ÀÌ 50 ppbÀÇ ¼öÁرîÁö ÇÔÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸°íµÇ¾ú´Ù (Potthast 1980), ÇÔ·®ÀÌ 1 ppb¸¦ ÃÊ°úÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¼ö¿ëÇϱ⠾î·Á¿ï ¸¸Å­ ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÌ´Ù. IOFI°¡ ±ÇÀåÇÏ´Â ÇÔ·®¼öÁØÀº ´ÜÁö 0.03 ppbÀÌ´Ù.

 

This Theodore de Bry engravings below, which was copied from Jacques le Moyne drawings made in the 1500s, show two views of Native American cooking. These two drawings, and many others in a similar vane, were often found in the grammar school and high school history books we used back in the 1940s, 50s and 60s. Please remember that the Frenchman le Moyne had to redraw most of his work from memory after the Spanish burned Fort Caroline the French fort in the mid 1500s. These drawings may not be perfect but they are, nevertheless, the best depictions we have of early Indian life.
The first drawing below shows Indians cooking with low heat and lots of smoke. Note that the food to be barbequed is deliberately placed high and away from the hottest source of the heat.
This drawing was often referred to as an "Indians smoking meat" by publishers and historians who were unfamiliar with true barbeque. But note that the source of heat in this first drawing is such that the heat source is clearly hotter than in a true "smoking" process. Also, in smoking, the meat being smoked is cut away from the animal. Smoking is such a slow process that whole animals cannot be smoked all at once or the interior would spoil. In barbeque the animal is often cooked whole as we do in "whole hog" barbeque today.
(Also note that Europeans were fascinated by alligators and La Moyne put them in as many of his drawings as he could, even if he did make them look like large lizards.)

There is only a very fine line between "smoking meat" and barbeque and that line is temperature. Smoke houses, which were common on every farm up until the 1940s, used a fair amount of smoke but only a very low heat. In a smoke house, smoke is the thing and the temperature inside of the smoke house is quite low compared to barbeque. Smoking meat takes days and days.
In barbequing temperature plays a larger role. Barbeque requires a temperature of between 210 to 250 degrees over a period of 10 to 20 hours (or more depending on the meat being cooked). In barbeque, cooking time is shorter and temperatures higher than "smoking."

 

»ý¼± ÈÆ¿¬½Ã°£

 


¿ÍÀÎÀÇ ¿ÀÅ©Åëµµ Å佺ÆÃ

¿ÀÅ©ÅëÀÇ ¸·ÆÇ ¿Ï¼º ´Ü°è¿¡¼­´Â ²À °ÅÄ¡´Â °úÁ¤ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ÀÅ©Åë ¾ÈÂÊÀ» ºÒ¿¡ ±×À»¸°´Ù. À̸¦ Å佺ÆÃÀ̶ó ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °úÁ¤ ¶ÇÇÑ ¼÷¼ºÇÏ´Â ¿ÍÀÎ ¸À¿¡ Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ÁØ´Ù. ÄÚÄÚ³ÓÇâÀ» ³»´Â ¶ôÅæ È­ÇÕ¹°ÀÇ ÇâÀº À̶§ ´õ ÁøÇØÁø´Ù. ź¼öÈ­¹° ºÐÇػ깰ÀÎ ´çºÐ ¿ª½Ã Å佺Æà ¶§ ¸¹ÀÌ ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù. Å佺ÆÃÀº ºÒÀÇ °­µµ¿¡ µû¶ó ¾à¡¤Áß¡¤°­À¸·Î ³ª´«´Ù. ¾àÇÑ ºÒ¿¡ Àá±ñ ±×À»¸®¸é °úÀÏÇâÀÌ ÁøÇÏ°í, ¶µÀº¸ÀÀÌ ¾à°£ ³ª´Â ¿ÍÀÎÀ» ¸¸µå´Â ¿ÀÅ©ÅëÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ¾à 15ºÐÀ» ±×À»¸®¸é ³»ºÎ°¡ °¥»öÀ¸·Î µÇ¸ç, ¹Ù´Ò¶óÇâÀ̳ª Ä¿ÇÇÇâÀ» ³»´Â ¿ÍÀÎÀ» ¸¸µé¾î³½´Ù. ºÒ¿¡ Å¿ì´Ù½ÃÇÇ °­ÇÏ°Ô ±×À»¸®¸é ººÀº ¿øµÎ°ÅÇÇÇâ, ±¸¿î »§, ±¸¿î °í±â ¸ÀÀÇ ¿ÍÀÎÀ» ¸¸µå´Â ¿ÀÅ©ÅëÀ¸·Î º¯½ÅÇÑ´Ù. °­ÇÏ°Ô ±×À»¸° ¿ÀÅ©ÅëÀÌ ¾àÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ °Íº¸´Ù Ÿ´Ñ ¼ººÐÀÌ Àû´Ù. °­ÇÏ°Ô ±×À»¸®¸é ³ª¹« ¼ÓÀÇ È­ÇÕ¹°ÀÌ ¿ì·¯³ª¿À´Â ¾çµµ Àû´Ù. ¿ÀÅ©Åë ¼Ó¿¡¼­´Â È¿¸ð°¡ Âü³ª¹« ¼ººÐÀ» ÀüÇô ´Ù¸¥ ¼ººÐÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²ã ¹ö¸®±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ¾´¸ÀÀ» ³»´Â Ǫ¸£Çª¶öÀÌ È¿¸ð¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÈÆÁ¦ °í±â ¶Ç´Â °¡Á× ³¿»õ µîÀ¸·Î Á» ´õ ºÎµå·´°Ô ¹Ù²Û´Ù. È­ÀÌÆ® ¿ÍÀÎÀº °ÅÀÇ ¿ÀÅ©Åë¿¡ ¼÷¼ºÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.


½º¸ðÅ©Çâ ÷°¡¹æ¹ý

1. Make an Indoor Smoker: It's not as hard as you might think and can be done quite easily on your stove top using a wok and a grilling grate. Here's how - but don't forget to take the battery out of your smoke alarm!

2. Add a Strip or Two of Bacon: Cut the bacon into pieces and render out the fat before any other cooking. Use the rendered bacon fat to cook the rest of the ingredients and then add the bacon back in at the end for a subtle smokiness. Smoked chorizo, tasso, and other cured meats also work very well here.

3. Cook with a Dark Smoky Beer: Used in a marinade or substituted for some of the broth, dark beers will add a very nice undertone to the dish. Look for porters and stouts, and ask the sales person for help with flavor profiles. For smokiness, we like cooking with Guinness and the smoked porter from Stone Brewing Company.

4. Use Liquid Smoke: Some people consider this cheating, but we think it makes sense for small apartment living when grilling isn't possible. Liquid smoke is actually an all-natural product and adds great smoky flavor to slow-cooked braises and stews.

5. Add Lapsang Souchong: A few teaspoons of this tea works well for adding smoky flavors to vegetarian dishes. Buy the tea looseleaf from a reliable seller and grind it into a powder using a spice grinder.

6. Add Molasses: Molasses is a common ingredient in a lot of barbecue sauces, and we can take advantage of its dark, earthy flavor to add smoky depth to glazes, sauces, and even soups. Start with one tablespoon and add more as desired.

7. Use Smoked Spices: Some spices come with their own smoky flavor, like cumin, while others have been smoked before being ground, like smoked paprika. Add a half teaspoon at a time until you get the flavor you want.

8. Sprinkle on Smoked Salt: Use smoked salt as a finishing touch, particularly on individual dishes like hamburgers or over a pasta dish. Don't bother adding smoked salt to things like whole pots of soup - you can wind up over-salting the dish before you can even taste the smoke.