Health ≫ 독/약 ≫ 마약

마약의 종류 : 양귀비 모르핀 헤로인

마약의 종류 : 중독의 물질  
- Opioid : 양귀비(모르핀), 엔도르핀, Enkephalin
- Cannabinoid : 대마, 마리화나
- 코카 : 코카인, 암페타민 : 도파민 재흡수 억제
- 맥각중독 LSD

- 양귀비 : 아편 ->모르핀 -> 헤로인
- 엔도르핀

GPCR
- GPCR 분류,  CPCR 역할

 


- Endogenous opioid peptides, produced naturally in the body,
   such as endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins, and endomorphins.

- Natural opiates:
alkaloids contained in the resin of the opium poppy, primarily morphine, codeine, and thebaine
  The leaves from Mitragyna speciosa (also known as kratom) contain a few naturally-occurring opioids, active via Mu- and Delta receptors
  Salvinorin A, found naturally in the Salvia divinorum plant, is a kappa-opioid receptor agonist.

- Esters of morphine opiates: diacetylmorphine (morphine diacetate; heroin), nicomorphine (morphine dinicotinate), dipropanoylmorphine (morphine dipropionate), desomorphine, acetylpropionylmorphine, dibenzoylmorphine, diacetyldihydromorphine;

- Semi-synthetic opioids: created from either the natural opiates or morphine esters, such as hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, ethylmorphine and buprenorphine;

- Fully synthetic opioids: such as fentanyl, pethidine, levorphanol, methadone, tramadol, tapentadol, and dextropropoxyphene;








 

 


Adverse effects of opioids  Common and short term
- Itch, Nausea, Vomiting, Constipation, Drowsiness, Dry mouth
- Cognitive effects, Opioid dependence
Dizziness
Decreased sex drive
Impaired sexual function
Decreased testosterone levels
Depression
Immunodeficiency
Increased pain sensitivity
Irregular menstruation
Increased risk of falls
Slowed breathing
Coma