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¼¼¸° Serine

- Gluamic acid, glutamine
- Aspartic acid, asparagine
- serine, threonine,  glycine, valine
- alanine, leucine, isoleucine
- lysine, arginine, histidine, proline
- methionine, Cysteine
- Tyrosine, Phenylalanie, Tryptophan

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D-¼¼¸°ÀÇ   °æ¿ì ´©¿¡ÀÇ Ç÷¾× µî¿¡ Á¸Àç
»ýü ³»¿¡¼­´Â ±Û¸®½Å°ú ÇÔ²² ´ë»ç°èÀÇ ¸ÅüÀû ¿ªÇÒÀ» Çϸç, ½Ã½ºÆ¾°ú ¸ÞƼ¿À´ÑÀÇ »óÈ£º¯È¯¿¡ °ü¿©

¼¼¸°Àº ½Ã½ºÅ×ÀÎ, Ç»¸°°ú ÇǸ®¹ÌµòÀÇ »ýÇÕ¼º¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ ½ÅÁø ´ë»ç¿¡¼­ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¿¡¼­ Æ®¸³ÅäÆǻӸ¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±Û¸®½Å°ú ½Ã½ºÅ×ÀÎÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¿©·¯ ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êÀÇ Àü±¸Ã¼´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ½ºÇÎ°í¸®Çǵå(sphingolipid)°ú ¿±»ê(folate)À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¼ö¸¹Àº ´Ù¸¥ ´ë»ç ¹°ÁúÀÇ Àü±¸Ã¼À̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. ¼¼¸°Àº ¸¹Àº È¿¼ÒÀÇ Ã˸ŠÀÛ¿ë¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº chymotrypsin, trypsin ¹× ´Ù¸¥ ¸¹Àº È¿¼ÒÀÇ È°¼º ºÎÀ§¿¡¼­ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ½Å°æ°¡½º ¹× »ìÃæÁ¦¿¡ Áß¿¡´Â ¾Æ¼¼Æ¿Äݸ°¿¡½ºÅ׶óÁ¦ È°¼ººÎÀ§ÀÇ ¼¼¸° Àܱâ¿Í °áÇÕÇÏ¿© ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸¹´Ù.
¼¼¸°Àº ÀǾàÇ°, È­ÀåÇ°, ¿µ¾çº¸Á¶½ÄÇ°¿ë µî¿¡ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀǾàÇ°À¸·Î °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ ¾²À̸ç Àú´Ü¹éÇ÷Áõ, Àú¿µ¾ç»óÅ µî¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êº¸±Þ¿¡ ÀÌ¿ëµÈ´Ù, DÇü ¼¼¸°µµ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ±â´ÉÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ¿Ô´Ù. ¼¼¸°ÀÇ ±â´É¿¡´Â ½Å°æÀü´Þ¹°ÁúÀÇ ¾Æ¼¼Æ¿Äݸ°À» ¸¸µé¾î ³»¾î ±Û¸®½Å°ú ÇÔ²² ÁßÃ߽ŰæÀÇ Á¸¼ÓÀ» ÃËÁøÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¶Ç, ÃÖ±Ù ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â ³ú ¾È¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼¼¸°»ýÇÕ¼ºÀÌ ÁÖ¿ä ÈïºÐ¼ºÀü´Þ¹°Áú ±Û·çŽ»êÀÇ NMDAÇü ¼ö¿ëüÀÇ È°¼ºÈ­ÀÎÀÚÀÎ D-¼¼¸°ÀÇ À¯Áö¿Í µ¿ ¼ö¿ëüÀÇ ±â´É¿¡ ºÒ°¡°áÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇظíµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ú ¾È¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼¼¸°ºÎÁ·ÀÌ ÅëÇÕ½ÇÁ¶Áõ Áõ»ó¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °Íµµ ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡ Çظ¶³ª ǪŰ³×¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ÁßÃ߽ŰæÁ¦Æ÷ »ýÁ¸À¯Áö¿Í ¼ö»óµ¹±â µîÀÇ ÇüÅÂÇü¼ºÀº ¼º¼º±³¼¼Æ÷°¡ Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ¼¼Æ÷¿Ü¿¡ ºÐºñÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¼¼¸°¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °Íµµ ¾Ë·ÁÁ³´Ù.
È­ÀåÇ° ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­´Â ¼¼¸°ÀÌ ¼¼Æ÷¸·À» ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â ÀÎÁöÁúÀÇ Æ÷½ºÆÄƼµô¼¼¸°ÀÇ ±¸¼º¼ººÐÀ¸·Î½á Áß¿äÇϸç, ü³»¿¡¼­ ½Ã½ºÅ×ÀÎÀ¸·Î º¯È¯µÇ´Â °Í ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹Ì¹éÀ̳ª ¸ð¹ß¿ë Å©¸²À̳ª ·Î¼Ç µî¿¡ ÷°¡µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¶Ç ½ÄÇ°¿¡¼­´Â °¨Ä¥¸À µîÀ» ºÎ¿© ¸ÀÀ» Á¶Á¤Çϴ ÷°¡Á¦·Î½á ÀÌ¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.


Cysteine synthesis from serine.
Cystathionine beta synthase catalyzes the upper reaction and cystathionine gamma-lyase catalyzes the lower reaction.
Serine is important in metabolism in that it participates in the biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines.
It is the precursor to several amino acids including glycine and cysteine, and tryptophan in bacteria.
It is also the precursor to numerous other metabolites, including sphingolipids and folate, which is the principal donor of one-carbon fragments in biosynthesis.

Structural role
Serine plays an important role in the catalytic function of many enzymes. It has been shown to occur in the active sites of chymotrypsin, trypsin, and many other enzymes. The so-called nerve gases and many substances used in insecticides have been shown to act by combining with a residue of serine in the active site of acetylcholine esterase, inhibiting the enzyme completely.
As a constituent (residue) of proteins, its side chain can undergo O-linked glycosylation, which may be functionally related to[clarification needed] diabetes.
It is one of three amino acid residues that are commonly phosphorylated by kinases during cell signaling in eukaryotes. Phosphorylated serine residues are often referred to as phosphoserine.
Serine proteases are a common type of protease.

Signaling
D-Serine, synthesized in the brain by serine racemase from L-serine (its enantiomer), serves as both a neurotransmitter and a gliotransmitter by activating NMDA receptors, making them able to open if they then also bind glutamate. D-serine is a potent agonist at the glycine site of the NMDA-type glutamate receptor. For the receptor to open, glutamate and either glycine or D-serine must bind to it. In fact, D-serine is a more potent agonist at the glycine site on the NMDAR than glycine itself. D-serine was only thought to exist in bacteria until relatively recently; it was the second D amino acid discovered to naturally exist in humans, present as a signalling molecule in the brain, soon after the discovery of D-aspartate. Had D amino acids been discovered in humans sooner, the glycine site on the NMDA receptor might instead be named the D-serine site. [8]