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http://www.microdenshi.co.jp/en/microwave/
(1) The principle of microwave heating
IEC(International Electrotechnical Commission) defines, Microwave heating is to heat dielectric materials through mainly their molecular motion and their ionic conduction by the action of electromagnetic waves of 300MHz to 300GHz.
The principle of the microwave heating is very difficult. And it's not easy to explain, but the following will give you a rough idea.
"For the vibration of microwave field, for example, when permanent electric dipole in the dielectric materials follows the oscillation of the microwave field slightly later, i.e., to the change of microwave field, in case permanent electric dipole changes with phase lag, this phase delay is the resistance to change of microwave field. Then, the permanent electric dipole will be heated by this resistance." Briefly, "The permanent electric dipole is forced to vibrate while resisting and genearates heat by this action."
Water consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. It doen't have electric charge as a whole, a oxigen atom is bounding with two hydrogen atoms at an angle of 104.5¡Æ. Those atoms take a little charge of each minus(-) and plus(£«) to form a dipole.
For example, when the water is irradiated with radio wave, it means to give a electric field for alternating. In case of microwave oven, vibration of 2450 million times plus and minus to be replaced per second.
Figure 5 shows a case where a too much lower frequency of radio wave is irradiated to the permanent dipole of water. In this case, the permanent dipole will immidiately follow the directions of electric field. So in this case, water doesn't generate heat.
On the other hand, Figure 6 shows a case where a too much higher frequency of radio wave is irradiated to the permanet dipole. In this sice, since electric field changes its direction too fast, dipole won't be able to follow. Then, water does not genarate heat in this case also.
In contrast to these, Figure 7 shows a case where moderate frequency of radio wave is irradiated to the permanet dipole. In this case, the permanent dipole changes a little behind the electric field. During the time delay, water is absorbing energy from radio wave and genarates heat. And, this moderate frequency is the microwave.
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